Study reveals how hCG in fertility treatments may alter children's brain development

A new study by Jiang, Wei, Liu, and colleagues has uncovered a link between hCG exposure during assisted reproductive technology (ART) and epigenetic changes in children conceived through such methods. The research highlights how the hormone may influence neurodevelopmental outcomes by altering gene regulation early in embryo development. The study examined the effects of hCG, commonly used in ART protocols to trigger oocyte maturation. It found that the timing and dosage of hCG administration can modify DNA methylation patterns in offspring. These changes particularly affect genes tied to neurodevelopment and synaptic function.

The team observed significant associations between specific methylation marks and cognitive abilities, executive processing, and social behaviour in ART-conceived children. Their findings suggest that hCG triggers intracellular signals that may disrupt methylation at critical neurodevelopmental genes during early embryo development.

Using an integrative, multi-omics approach, the study sets a new benchmark for evaluating the long-term safety of reproductive interventions. It also underscores the need to optimise hCG administration to reduce potential epigenetic and developmental risks. The research demonstrates that hormonal conditions during ART can have lasting effects on gene regulation and phenotype. It calls for further investigation into paternal and environmental factors that may interact with hCG’s influence. These insights aim to refine personalised ART strategies and improve neurological health outcomes for future generations.