Multivitamins May Offer Little Benefit—and Hidden Risks, Studies Warn

More than half of Americans regularly take multivitamins. These supplements combine various vitamins and minerals into a single product. However, new research suggests they may not always provide the expected benefits and could even pose risks. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has reviewed the evidence on vitamin and mineral supplements. Its conclusion is clear: there is not enough proof to show that they prevent cancer or heart disease.

For men, multivitamins do not lower the chance of common cancers or reduce cancer-related deaths. Older men, particularly those aged 65 and above, also gain no cognitive benefits from taking them.

Women face similar concerns. Multivitamins do not extend their lifespan and may instead increase the risk of early death. Some studies link certain supplements to a higher mortality rate in older women.

Specific groups need to exercise additional caution. Smokers and former smokers should avoid multivitamins high in beta-carotene and vitamin A due to a higher lung cancer risk. Pregnant women must monitor their vitamin A intake, as excessive amounts can cause birth defects. Calcium supplements have also been associated with a greater risk of heart attacks. While multivitamins remain popular, scientific findings highlight their limited benefits and potential harms. Different groups, including men, women, and smokers, face specific risks. Experts advise careful consideration before using these supplements.