Europe's air conditioning boom clashes with climate goals amid deadly heatwaves

Europe is experiencing a sharp rise in air conditioning use as extreme heat becomes more common. In Britain alone, around four million homes now have AC, double the number from three years ago. The continent faces record temperatures, with Spain hitting 111 degrees and the UK enduring its hottest June on record. Only about 20% of European households currently have air conditioning, far below the 90% in the US. Yet, the International Institute of Refrigeration predicts Europe will double its stock of AC units by 2050. Italy already accounts for a third of the EU’s electricity use on cooling.

The EU aims for climate neutrality by 2050 and has set limits on cooling public buildings in summer. Despite this, research shows AC saves lives. A 2007 study found it can cut heat-related deaths by 75%. The Lancet reported that in 2019, AC prevented 195,000 heat-related deaths among over-65s. Still, the World Health Organization estimates heat claims 175,000 lives across Europe annually.

In the past week, at least 40 people drowned in France while trying to cool off during the extreme heat. Air conditioning is becoming more widespread in Europe as temperatures climb. The technology has proven effective in reducing heat-related fatalities. However, the continent’s rapid adoption of AC raises concerns about energy use and climate goals.