Azerbaijan-Armenia Peace Deal Fails to Bring Real Change on the Ground

A peace agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia was initialled in Washington, DC, on 8 August 2023. While the deal aimed to end long-standing hostilities, its impact on domestic conditions remains limited. Critics argue that little has changed for journalists, activists, or ordinary citizens since the signing.

The agreement was meant to bring stability after years of conflict. Yet, since its signing, no political prisoners have been released, despite hopes for their freedom. Peace activist Bahruz Samadov and others remain behind bars, with no international pressure recorded to secure their release.

Azerbaijan's media landscape has also seen further restrictions. Seven employees of Abzas Media were arrested in late 2023, followed by detentions from Toplum TV and Meydan TV. The country ranks 167th out of 180 in the World Press Freedom Index, reflecting its harsh treatment of journalists.

Border closures, first imposed in 2020, have been extended until at least 1 October 2025. The government cites pandemic concerns and geopolitical tensions as reasons. Meanwhile, civil society participation has been reduced to zero, leaving little room for public debate on the peace process.

Experts argue that true peace requires more than just an end to fighting. Johan Galtung's concept of positive peace—addressing structural violence—has yet to take hold. Without transparency or public engagement, the agreement's long-term success remains uncertain.

The peace deal has so far only delivered negative peace—an absence of war without deeper reforms. Independent media remain suppressed, borders stay closed, and political prisoners are still detained. For lasting change, the agreement's promises must extend beyond paper and into tangible improvements for Azerbaijani society.